Khan Academy Free Essays

With the Khan-Academy systematics, I feel that it is really an apparatus that enables numerous others to such as myself who might be going to math classes in school. As a youngster in grade school, the Internet program helped me begin filling the â€Å"Swiss cheese† holes Khan discussed. The â€Å"Swiss cheese† holes, are the things individuals didn’t learn while they were in math classes, where the educator just didn't broadly expound of clarifying. We will compose a custom paper test on Khan Academy or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now The manner in which the holes started to be filled, was that it really provoked me to a more prominent potential that I thought couldn't be accomplished. Truth be told numerous others in my group regarded the program as a game positively, as on the Internet program one successes an overflowing measure of prizes where we used to boast to one another on. To win prizes they may comprise of noting a particular measure of inquiries or getting relentless at working with Khan-Academy. Something the program has unquestionably made up is the grievous situation in which unfit instructors put there understudies into. The math educators as a rule don't support enough or show just a single way, and this is the full explanation on why some understudy really wind up bombing their classes. With Khan-Academy some how the understudy that wound up bombing their math classes, presently have grades like the outwardly hindered talented ones, which additionally may show how inadequately the educators may have shown their understudies. Another valid statement Khan made happen to be the connections that began to make place among the understudy of classes, in which the ones that didn't comprehend the exercises could know get educated by different understudies that may have had a full comprehension of whatever the issue or issues were. A way the Khan-Academy is guaranteeing that the assistance that is given is exact, is that inside the program itself it has a way a keeping track who is exceeding expectations, and who may not be. Whichever way one may take the program, it benefits everybody in a different measure of ways and has been a significant assistance in classes across America by helping understudy who didn't exceed expectations in math class previously. Step by step instructions to refer to Khan Academy, Essay models

Frankenstein (1994)

Frankenstein (1994) Presentation Frankenstein (likewise alluded to as Mary Shelleys Frankenstein) is a blood and gore movie coordinated by Kenneth Branagh in 1994 and embraced from a book by Mary Shelly bearing a comparable title. In the film, a youthful specialist named Victor Frankenstein (Kenneth Branagh) leaves from his local place where there is Geneva to be conceded at a clinical school (IMDB, para. 2).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Frankenstein (1994) explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the school, he considers and gets proficient in human life structures and in science. The youthful understudy has consistently been intrigued with death and this leads him to start a venture to make life. Victor plans an animal with the body portions of convicts and with the mind of a brilliant researcher. The ‘monster’ (Robert de Niro) wakes up and is tossed into the general public. The beast at that point gets a handle on that the general public will ne ver acknowledge him and looks for retribution on all people that Victor cherishes. As the film reaches a conclusion, Victor is without anyone else as the entirety of his relatives have been slaughtered. Victor at that point makes an accomplice for the animal to cherish, in any case, because of the torment he is feeling, he selects to utilize Elizabeth (Helena Bonham Carter) and revives her for his own advantage. Inevitably, Elizabeth slaughters herself since Victor and the beast are battling about her. As the film reaches a conclusion, Victor passes on a boat while the beast he made is discovered crying not without a fight. Victor’s memorial service function is hindered when the ice encompassing the boat begins to break. The animal takes a consuming light and sets himself and his dead maker land. Basic Analysis Despite having a fine beginning, Frankenstein neglects to very fall off and doesn't make a decent film for an assortment of reasons. First is the films’ length, at marginally over two hours, the film feels somewhat broadened. It is longwinded and the speed drops in certain scenes. Some portion of the issue originates from the film’s nature. Arrangements for Frankenstein’s excursion to Vienna, his experience with Clerval, his noncompliance to the clinical staff at the school, and his underlying experimentations have all been attempted previously. The crowd knows where Victor is made a beeline for and Branagh offers no convincing twists to the storyline. This recognition comes from the way that various releases of the film have been delivered previously. In any case, the film turns out to be all the more fascinating in the subsequent half. Here, Branagh utilizes components from the book that have not been remembered for past forms of the film. For example, the Arctic landscape, the unobtrusive truth that the animal can chat in human voice and is shrewd and ready to encounter torment, the arrangement of occasions identified with William’s demise and the creature’s set-up of Justine are on the whole elite to the film, making for a fascinating watch. Be that as it may, for somebody who has not viewed past renditions of the film nor perused Shelley’s book, the film makes for an intriguing watch with regards to whole.Advertising Looking for paper on workmanship and structure? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another awful part of the film is the fast progression of scenes, taking into account that the film runs for over two hours. Only fifteen minutes into the film, 3 years have just slipped by. A group of people may think that its difficult to stay aware of the story, and might lose focus halfway to the end. Once more, the creator needs to perceive that catastrophe in film is best when it is permitted to grow gradually. The scenes in Branagh’s rendition of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein move so quick that various nuances vanish en route. This gives the film an energizing and once in a while disorganized (especially in the principal half-hour) bit of work that, while certainly engaging, is shy of the profundity that a work of this greatness requires. Be that as it may, the film can be commended on various angles, particularly that of the flawless landscape, predominant acting of certain characters, particularly Elizabeth and Robert de Niro, and innovativeness. Starting with one scene then onto the next, the maker does pleasant completing contacts and entrancing varieties that are effectively perceptible. It is energizing, for example, to watch Frankenstein play Ben Franklin and clasp hands with his relatives while resting! What's more, in another scene, when Dr. Frankenstein pays a birthing specialist to gather amniotic liquid and fill what looks like a chamber, our advantage is held however much as could be expected. There are additionally some quality and cooperative scenes, for example, when the special ist slips into the court to chop down a man who was hanged with the aim of utilizing him as a ‘raw material.’ As Frankenstein cuts the rope and the dormant body tumbles to the ground, there is a quick sliced to a table in the hotel where a wine bottle is struck against to the table. An astute completing contacts that have a colossal effect. The maker additionally accomplishes some quality work in on-screen character determination. In spite of the fact that Branagh’s execution as Dr Frankenstein is not a huge deal, De Niro and Elizabeth work admirably to make for deficiencies somewhere else (Ebert, 2). The scene where the animal becomes companions with a family and supplies them with food while watching and learning through a split on the divider, is breathtakingly moving, and is presumably the best scene in the film. Despite the fact that his job was the most testing, De Niro acts it out with artfulness and acting and altogether improves the rating of the film. C orrespondingly, Helena gives a completely enamoring presentation. She turns out to be considerably more than Frankenstein’s mystery darling and furthermore assumes a significant job in uncovering the terrible and great sides of Frankenstein and the creature.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Frankenstein (1994) explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Camera procedures are imperative to the improvement of scenes, and Branagh doesn't come up short at this. Regularly, the camera turns to Victor’s lab, where he supposedly is exceptionally disturbed as he faces a decision between committing all his opportunity to science and wedding his received sister, Elizabeth. The camera is likewise significant in demonstrating the crowd an all encompassing perspective on Geneva and the Swiss Alps. Also, as the animal lays on the day off, camera uncovers the fierceness, outrage and sharpness in its eyes. He will have retribution for his creation by Vi ctor. End Mary Shelleys Frankenstein is a fascinating film to watch. While the film has its shortcomings, it additionally has various qualities that outcomes in an intriguing watch. Angles that make Mary Shelleys Frankenstein a terrible film incorporate tedium and speed drops in certain scenes, crowd commonality with the storyline, and fast progression of scenes. In any case, Branagh compensates for these deficiencies by utilizing lovely views, fantastic acting aptitudes by various entertainers, and utilization of camera strategies to create scenes. Ebert, Roger. Mary Shelleys Frankenstein. The Sun Times, November 4, 1994. Web. https://www.rogerebert.com/audits/mary-shelleys-frankenstein-1994 IMDB. Frankenstein (1994). 1994. Web. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109836/

How to Obtain a Security Clearance

How to Obtain a Security Clearance Ever wanted to get into a building, especially a government building and was asked for security clearance? Maybe you saw someone flash a card and go in while you got stopped at the door.Perhaps your case is different. You saw a highly-paying job and wanted to apply.But one of the requirements listed was a “security clearance,” something you don’t have. But you want the job.So what is a security clearance and how do you obtain it?Much can be derived from the name and the examples given above. A security clearance is an approval to grant access.More specifically, it is an eligibility to access classified information.Since classified information is not for everyone, then access to it must be limited.You’ll notice that this only applies to certain government agencies.Examples of these are the Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Security, the military and the like. Basically, any agency or department dealing with security matters will always employ access control.This is for a good reason. These departments, agencies and contractors working with them, handle sensitive information. The kind of information which touches on national security.Such information is intended only for those working on specific projects.This is why when you apply for a job in such agencies, you will be required to have security clearance.TYPES OF SECURITY CLEARANCESecurity clearance is divided into three types.These differentiate the level of sensitivity of the information whose access is being requested.At the same time, the type of clearance you have will determine which documents you can access.The three types are:ConfidentialConfidential is the lowest classification of sensitivity.This however does not mean that the information is available to anyone with a clearance. It is possible to have the security clearance of a higher level but still be denied access to confidential information.More on this in the classification categories section.Confidential clearance gives you access to confidential information.By definition, confidential information is that which when divulged, could cause damage to the national security of the US.SecretThe marker Secret is used to denote information which when disclosed, could cause serious damage to the national security of the country.Information classified as Secret is usually more confidential than that labeled Confidential.For access to such material, you will need the “Secret” security clearance .Top SecretThis is the highest level of confidentiality that can be labeled on any document or work environment. This is the label for controversial projects or government programs not intended for the general public.Examples include nuclear weaponry, local and foreign intelligence and covert military operations. As such, the “Top Secret” clearance is undoubtedly the one which gives access to the most secretive and sensitive material.The divulgence of “Top Secret” information would cause exceptionally grave dam age to the national security of the country.CLASSIFICATION CATEGORIESThere are other special classifications which are more appropriately referred to as categories. These are often at the “Top Secret” level of classification since they refer to information requiring special handling.These categories can also be found in departments dealing with “Confidential” or “Secret” information. These are not so much of classifications as they are categorization of confidential information. There are two main categories of classified information.Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI)Work environments or documents under this category are highly-sensitive. In many cases, this is higher than “Top Secret” though resides in that classification. The distinction comes in what is known as “Need To Know.”“Need To Know” describes data or material whose access is so sensitive that it can only be granted if necessary.If your work or the task you are working on needs this informat ion, then you will be given access to it. Otherwise, you should not have the knowledge of it.Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI) is mostly used within the intelligence and military circles. Having a “Top Secret” badge does not automatically grant you access to such information. You will have to be approved for the access by someone in charge of the information.Often, these materials are accessed through code words. Code words are special words known only to a few people and they are used to allow individual access to sensitive information.Special Access Programs (SAPs)Special Access Programs are labels used to distinguish highly-secretive government projects. These are not open to all and require special badges to access.Access to such is also controlled on a “Need To Know” basis.The existence of these programs may not be acknowledged publicly due to their sensitivity.These programs will usually be found in the Department of Defense though other security agencies may h ave them too.OBTAINING A SECURITY CLEARANCEThe basics aside, how do you then obtain a security clearance? Where do you start and what is the process involved?These are the questions we will answer in this section. You will learn the steps to follow and what happens in every step of the process.Basically, there are four stages in obtaining a security clearance.Find a Job Which Requires a Security ClearanceIf you thought that a security clearance can be acquired by anyone for whatever reason, you are wrong.As you may have noticed from the introductory part of this article, security clearance is only given to the person who needs it.This means that you have to prove that you need it.And how do you do that?By showing that it is required for a job you have been hired to do. This is where some get confused. This is not similar to a letter of recommendation which you look for in advance before applying for a job. Neither do you get clearance so as to be a more attractive job candidate.Sure enough, having a security clearance will make you a more attractive candidate. But that clearance can only have come from a requirement of a previous job. An example of this is the military.Those coming from a military career often have a security clearance that is still active. For that reason, they easily get security-related jobs because there is no wait for clearance to be obtained.The process of getting clearance is itself a lengthy one because of the big number of applicants.Fill the SF-86 FormWith a job which requires a security clearance, the next thing to do is apply for the clearance. You will do this by filling the Standard Form 86 (SF 86).This questionnaire will be used to conduct background investigations to ascertain whether you should be allowed to hold a national security position.It is required that you fill the form with truthful information.Wherever you may not be sure what to write, it is advisable to check with an attorney. This is especially important if you f eel like some questions are too personal.The Investigations StageBeing a security access badge, you can be sure it won’t be given without some background check being done on you.It has to be determined that you are indeed a safe person to allow access to sensitive information.Once your application is received, an investigation will be carried out. This will mostly be in the form of interviews with you and those close to you.Those to be interviewed may also include neighbors, former classmates as well as former spouses or lovers where applicable.Note: Investigations can be quite intrusive. They will seek to unearth any detail of your life which may pose a threat to your handling of sensitive information. More than any other details, those about former relationships rank highest in sensitivity.Whereas you may prefer that such information remains unknown due to its embarrassing nature, you are required to be completely honest. Withholding information may cause you to be denied the cl earance. And in some cases, you may be charged for perjury.The Adjudication StageAfter the investigations have been carried out, next is the adjudication stage. This is the phase where your application is considered for approval.Investigations are used to provide information and verify the truthfulness of the information submitted on the SF-86 form.The adjudication stage has its own guidelines to be followed.There are a total of 13 guidelines for this. Your application will be checked against these to ascertain your eligibility.The guidelines are:1. Guideline A: Allegiance to the United StatesYou must be of unquestioned allegiance to the United States. This primarily determines how willing you would be to cause harm to the country.Involvement, associations or sympathy with activities touching on espionage, sabotage, treason, terrorism etc will deny you clearance.2. Guideline B: Foreign influenceThis covers a broad range of concerns including having family members or relatives who ar e not citizens of the US. You also risk denial if you live with someone connected to foreign governments.Having financial interests in foreign countries which could make you vulnerable to foreign influence is also a concern.3. Guideline C: Foreign preferenceDo you have a liking for another country other than the US?This can be evident through usage of foreign passports, voting in foreign elections, serving in foreign military, residing in a foreign country to meet citizenship requirements etc.4. Guideline D: Sexual behaviorThis can point to many ways in which you may become subject to coercion, exploitation or duress. It also checks for sexual behavior of a criminal nature, addictions and behavior which reflects lack of discretion or judgment.5. Guideline E: Personal conductChecks on your reliability, honesty, willingness to comply with rules and regulations, trustworthiness etc.Red flags could include refusal to cooperate with security processes, omission or falsification of materi al facts, association with people involved in crime etc.6. Guideline F: Financial considerationsIf you don’t meet financial obligations, have been involved in employee theft, tax evasions and the like, you may not be cleared.This means you are not financially stable and may engage in criminal activity.At the same time, unexplained affluence is usually connected to financially profitable criminal activity.7. Guideline G: Alcohol consumptionIf you take too much alcohol then you often exercise questionable judgment, don’t control your impulses and easily disclose information.In that case, you cannot be entrusted with confidential information. 8. Guideline H: Drug involvementUse of drugs (mood and behavior altering substances) can easily impair social or occupational functioning.This can lead to inappropriate disclosure of confidential information. Evidence includes drug possession, cultivation, distribution etc.9. Guideline I: Emotional, mental and personality disordersTesting by a n approved psychologist or psychiatrist will show signs of deficit in your psychological, social and occupation functioning.Patterns of proof of high-risk, irresponsible, aggressive, anti-social or emotionally unstable behavior will work against your application. These are taken to indicate a defect in judgment, reliability or stability.10. Guideline J: Criminal conductHave you committed a single serious crime or multiple lesser offenses? Are there recent allegations of criminal conduct against you? Such will lead to a conclusion that you cannot be relied upon or trusted.11. Guideline K: Security violationsDo you comply with security regulations? Are you on record having violated such regulations deliberately or due to negligence?These points to potential lack of trustworthiness, willingness and ability to safeguard classified information.12. Guideline L: Outside activitiesThese include volunteer or employment with foreign countries or nationals or association with people of foreign citizenship involved in matters like defense, foreign affairs or protected technology.Such may be an influence on you, thus posing a threat to the confidential information which may be in your possession.13. Guideline M: Misuse of Information Technology SystemsThis is all about hacking activities which include illegal or unauthorized access to IT systems and removal of hardware, software or media of this nature.It also covers illegal or unauthorized modification, destruction or denial of access to information residing in an IT system.STATUSES IN THE APPLICATION PROCESSIn the course of your application review, different statuses may be assigned to your file. These indicate where your application stands in the process of approval or denial.These are mostly used internally to determine what action is currently being taken on the application. The statuses include the below.Action PendingThis label shows that the investigation to your application has not yet started. You are among those waiting in line for an available investigator to take up your file.Alternatively, you may have been assigned an investigator but he is yet to start working on your application.Often, this is simply due to the backlog since the applications received before yours have to be dealt with first.You will therefore have to exercise some patience before it’s time to handle yours.Eligibility PendingThis is a more favorable state for your application to be in compared to the “action pending” state. This label on your file indicates that the investigations to your application are complete.With that completion, what remains is a review which happens in the adjudication stage.The information provided by the investigations will be considered against the guidelines above.This is what will inform the eligibility of your security clearance. It is likely that there are some applications to be handled before yours but the backlog here might not be as big as that in the investigations stage.No De termination MadeIn the event that the adjudicator requires more information before giving a determination on your application, this is the label which will be on your file.More information may be sought from the investigator or it may simply be a case of a suitable determination being awaited.Position of TrustThis label indicates that you have been granted access to classified information. The grant is usually at the level requested. This could be Confidential, Secret or Top Secret.The full process of investigation and adjudication have shown that you are capable of being trusted with sensitive information.THE INTERIM SECURITY CLEARANCEIt might interest you to know that there is also an option of obtaining an interim security clearance.This option exists for those situations in which you need to start working in a short time and cannot wait the usual duration of the process.This comes in the backdrop of the fact that clearance approval normally takes a lot of time.There are also man y pending applications and newer applicants may end up waiting for some time. Source: Clearance JobsSince clearance is necessary before you start working, your new employer may require that you start working soon. For this reason, you will need an interim security clearance.This may or may not be granted. There is no guarantee.If granted, it will be during the early days of the investigation stage. The clearance will last until the adjudication of your application is done.If clearance is granted to your application, then the interim becomes nullified as you get the confirmed security clearance. If security clearance is denied, then you lose the interim clearance.Interim clearances are provided for the level requested in your application. If you applied for Secret security clearance, then it will granted for that level of sensitivity.There are some limitations to the interim clearance too.If you have an interim clearance for the Confidential and Secret levels, then you cannot access Restricted Data, NATO Information, and COMSEC information.An interim clearance for the Top Secret level will give you access to these types of material, but only at the Confidential and Secret levels.PERIODIC INVESTIGATIONSIf you finally get the clearance, feel free to celebrate. Congratulations.The government deems you trustworthy enough to handle sensitive information.Keep in mind though that your clearance is subject to re-investigations.This may come from your own application so as to keep the clearance current. It can also be as a result of implementing policies.Such policies seek to ensure that those with clearance remain eligible to hold them.The Confidential clearance is re-investigated after every 15 years. The Secret clearance is re-investigated after 10 years while re-investigating the Top Secret clearance is done after 5 years.CONCLUSIONObtaining a security clearance is not difficult, but may take time. The clearance however is often a gateway to a well-paying job.Nonetheless, you should remember that honesty in the process is key. Do not lie about anything asked about.In case you find it challenging and need help clarifying on anything, especially at the SF-86 form stage, it is advisable to consult an attorney.He can also advise on any information you feel you wouldn’t want to reveal. This will help you explain things in case it comes up later as an omission.

How to Obtain a Security Clearance

How to Obtain a Security Clearance Ever wanted to get into a building, especially a government building and was asked for security clearance? Maybe you saw someone flash a card and go in while you got stopped at the door.Perhaps your case is different. You saw a highly-paying job and wanted to apply.But one of the requirements listed was a “security clearance,” something you don’t have. But you want the job.So what is a security clearance and how do you obtain it?Much can be derived from the name and the examples given above. A security clearance is an approval to grant access.More specifically, it is an eligibility to access classified information.Since classified information is not for everyone, then access to it must be limited.You’ll notice that this only applies to certain government agencies.Examples of these are the Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Security, the military and the like. Basically, any agency or department dealing with security matters will always employ access control.This is for a good reason. These departments, agencies and contractors working with them, handle sensitive information. The kind of information which touches on national security.Such information is intended only for those working on specific projects.This is why when you apply for a job in such agencies, you will be required to have security clearance.TYPES OF SECURITY CLEARANCESecurity clearance is divided into three types.These differentiate the level of sensitivity of the information whose access is being requested.At the same time, the type of clearance you have will determine which documents you can access.The three types are:ConfidentialConfidential is the lowest classification of sensitivity.This however does not mean that the information is available to anyone with a clearance. It is possible to have the security clearance of a higher level but still be denied access to confidential information.More on this in the classification categories section.Confidential clearance gives you access to confidential information.By definition, confidential information is that which when divulged, could cause damage to the national security of the US.SecretThe marker Secret is used to denote information which when disclosed, could cause serious damage to the national security of the country.Information classified as Secret is usually more confidential than that labeled Confidential.For access to such material, you will need the “Secret” security clearance .Top SecretThis is the highest level of confidentiality that can be labeled on any document or work environment. This is the label for controversial projects or government programs not intended for the general public.Examples include nuclear weaponry, local and foreign intelligence and covert military operations. As such, the “Top Secret” clearance is undoubtedly the one which gives access to the most secretive and sensitive material.The divulgence of “Top Secret” information would cause exceptionally grave dam age to the national security of the country.CLASSIFICATION CATEGORIESThere are other special classifications which are more appropriately referred to as categories. These are often at the “Top Secret” level of classification since they refer to information requiring special handling.These categories can also be found in departments dealing with “Confidential” or “Secret” information. These are not so much of classifications as they are categorization of confidential information. There are two main categories of classified information.Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI)Work environments or documents under this category are highly-sensitive. In many cases, this is higher than “Top Secret” though resides in that classification. The distinction comes in what is known as “Need To Know.”“Need To Know” describes data or material whose access is so sensitive that it can only be granted if necessary.If your work or the task you are working on needs this informat ion, then you will be given access to it. Otherwise, you should not have the knowledge of it.Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI) is mostly used within the intelligence and military circles. Having a “Top Secret” badge does not automatically grant you access to such information. You will have to be approved for the access by someone in charge of the information.Often, these materials are accessed through code words. Code words are special words known only to a few people and they are used to allow individual access to sensitive information.Special Access Programs (SAPs)Special Access Programs are labels used to distinguish highly-secretive government projects. These are not open to all and require special badges to access.Access to such is also controlled on a “Need To Know” basis.The existence of these programs may not be acknowledged publicly due to their sensitivity.These programs will usually be found in the Department of Defense though other security agencies may h ave them too.OBTAINING A SECURITY CLEARANCEThe basics aside, how do you then obtain a security clearance? Where do you start and what is the process involved?These are the questions we will answer in this section. You will learn the steps to follow and what happens in every step of the process.Basically, there are four stages in obtaining a security clearance.Find a Job Which Requires a Security ClearanceIf you thought that a security clearance can be acquired by anyone for whatever reason, you are wrong.As you may have noticed from the introductory part of this article, security clearance is only given to the person who needs it.This means that you have to prove that you need it.And how do you do that?By showing that it is required for a job you have been hired to do. This is where some get confused. This is not similar to a letter of recommendation which you look for in advance before applying for a job. Neither do you get clearance so as to be a more attractive job candidate.Sure enough, having a security clearance will make you a more attractive candidate. But that clearance can only have come from a requirement of a previous job. An example of this is the military.Those coming from a military career often have a security clearance that is still active. For that reason, they easily get security-related jobs because there is no wait for clearance to be obtained.The process of getting clearance is itself a lengthy one because of the big number of applicants.Fill the SF-86 FormWith a job which requires a security clearance, the next thing to do is apply for the clearance. You will do this by filling the Standard Form 86 (SF 86).This questionnaire will be used to conduct background investigations to ascertain whether you should be allowed to hold a national security position.It is required that you fill the form with truthful information.Wherever you may not be sure what to write, it is advisable to check with an attorney. This is especially important if you f eel like some questions are too personal.The Investigations StageBeing a security access badge, you can be sure it won’t be given without some background check being done on you.It has to be determined that you are indeed a safe person to allow access to sensitive information.Once your application is received, an investigation will be carried out. This will mostly be in the form of interviews with you and those close to you.Those to be interviewed may also include neighbors, former classmates as well as former spouses or lovers where applicable.Note: Investigations can be quite intrusive. They will seek to unearth any detail of your life which may pose a threat to your handling of sensitive information. More than any other details, those about former relationships rank highest in sensitivity.Whereas you may prefer that such information remains unknown due to its embarrassing nature, you are required to be completely honest. Withholding information may cause you to be denied the cl earance. And in some cases, you may be charged for perjury.The Adjudication StageAfter the investigations have been carried out, next is the adjudication stage. This is the phase where your application is considered for approval.Investigations are used to provide information and verify the truthfulness of the information submitted on the SF-86 form.The adjudication stage has its own guidelines to be followed.There are a total of 13 guidelines for this. Your application will be checked against these to ascertain your eligibility.The guidelines are:1. Guideline A: Allegiance to the United StatesYou must be of unquestioned allegiance to the United States. This primarily determines how willing you would be to cause harm to the country.Involvement, associations or sympathy with activities touching on espionage, sabotage, treason, terrorism etc will deny you clearance.2. Guideline B: Foreign influenceThis covers a broad range of concerns including having family members or relatives who ar e not citizens of the US. You also risk denial if you live with someone connected to foreign governments.Having financial interests in foreign countries which could make you vulnerable to foreign influence is also a concern.3. Guideline C: Foreign preferenceDo you have a liking for another country other than the US?This can be evident through usage of foreign passports, voting in foreign elections, serving in foreign military, residing in a foreign country to meet citizenship requirements etc.4. Guideline D: Sexual behaviorThis can point to many ways in which you may become subject to coercion, exploitation or duress. It also checks for sexual behavior of a criminal nature, addictions and behavior which reflects lack of discretion or judgment.5. Guideline E: Personal conductChecks on your reliability, honesty, willingness to comply with rules and regulations, trustworthiness etc.Red flags could include refusal to cooperate with security processes, omission or falsification of materi al facts, association with people involved in crime etc.6. Guideline F: Financial considerationsIf you don’t meet financial obligations, have been involved in employee theft, tax evasions and the like, you may not be cleared.This means you are not financially stable and may engage in criminal activity.At the same time, unexplained affluence is usually connected to financially profitable criminal activity.7. Guideline G: Alcohol consumptionIf you take too much alcohol then you often exercise questionable judgment, don’t control your impulses and easily disclose information.In that case, you cannot be entrusted with confidential information. 8. Guideline H: Drug involvementUse of drugs (mood and behavior altering substances) can easily impair social or occupational functioning.This can lead to inappropriate disclosure of confidential information. Evidence includes drug possession, cultivation, distribution etc.9. Guideline I: Emotional, mental and personality disordersTesting by a n approved psychologist or psychiatrist will show signs of deficit in your psychological, social and occupation functioning.Patterns of proof of high-risk, irresponsible, aggressive, anti-social or emotionally unstable behavior will work against your application. These are taken to indicate a defect in judgment, reliability or stability.10. Guideline J: Criminal conductHave you committed a single serious crime or multiple lesser offenses? Are there recent allegations of criminal conduct against you? Such will lead to a conclusion that you cannot be relied upon or trusted.11. Guideline K: Security violationsDo you comply with security regulations? Are you on record having violated such regulations deliberately or due to negligence?These points to potential lack of trustworthiness, willingness and ability to safeguard classified information.12. Guideline L: Outside activitiesThese include volunteer or employment with foreign countries or nationals or association with people of foreign citizenship involved in matters like defense, foreign affairs or protected technology.Such may be an influence on you, thus posing a threat to the confidential information which may be in your possession.13. Guideline M: Misuse of Information Technology SystemsThis is all about hacking activities which include illegal or unauthorized access to IT systems and removal of hardware, software or media of this nature.It also covers illegal or unauthorized modification, destruction or denial of access to information residing in an IT system.STATUSES IN THE APPLICATION PROCESSIn the course of your application review, different statuses may be assigned to your file. These indicate where your application stands in the process of approval or denial.These are mostly used internally to determine what action is currently being taken on the application. The statuses include the below.Action PendingThis label shows that the investigation to your application has not yet started. You are among those waiting in line for an available investigator to take up your file.Alternatively, you may have been assigned an investigator but he is yet to start working on your application.Often, this is simply due to the backlog since the applications received before yours have to be dealt with first.You will therefore have to exercise some patience before it’s time to handle yours.Eligibility PendingThis is a more favorable state for your application to be in compared to the “action pending” state. This label on your file indicates that the investigations to your application are complete.With that completion, what remains is a review which happens in the adjudication stage.The information provided by the investigations will be considered against the guidelines above.This is what will inform the eligibility of your security clearance. It is likely that there are some applications to be handled before yours but the backlog here might not be as big as that in the investigations stage.No De termination MadeIn the event that the adjudicator requires more information before giving a determination on your application, this is the label which will be on your file.More information may be sought from the investigator or it may simply be a case of a suitable determination being awaited.Position of TrustThis label indicates that you have been granted access to classified information. The grant is usually at the level requested. This could be Confidential, Secret or Top Secret.The full process of investigation and adjudication have shown that you are capable of being trusted with sensitive information.THE INTERIM SECURITY CLEARANCEIt might interest you to know that there is also an option of obtaining an interim security clearance.This option exists for those situations in which you need to start working in a short time and cannot wait the usual duration of the process.This comes in the backdrop of the fact that clearance approval normally takes a lot of time.There are also man y pending applications and newer applicants may end up waiting for some time. Source: Clearance JobsSince clearance is necessary before you start working, your new employer may require that you start working soon. For this reason, you will need an interim security clearance.This may or may not be granted. There is no guarantee.If granted, it will be during the early days of the investigation stage. The clearance will last until the adjudication of your application is done.If clearance is granted to your application, then the interim becomes nullified as you get the confirmed security clearance. If security clearance is denied, then you lose the interim clearance.Interim clearances are provided for the level requested in your application. If you applied for Secret security clearance, then it will granted for that level of sensitivity.There are some limitations to the interim clearance too.If you have an interim clearance for the Confidential and Secret levels, then you cannot access Restricted Data, NATO Information, and COMSEC information.An interim clearance for the Top Secret level will give you access to these types of material, but only at the Confidential and Secret levels.PERIODIC INVESTIGATIONSIf you finally get the clearance, feel free to celebrate. Congratulations.The government deems you trustworthy enough to handle sensitive information.Keep in mind though that your clearance is subject to re-investigations.This may come from your own application so as to keep the clearance current. It can also be as a result of implementing policies.Such policies seek to ensure that those with clearance remain eligible to hold them.The Confidential clearance is re-investigated after every 15 years. The Secret clearance is re-investigated after 10 years while re-investigating the Top Secret clearance is done after 5 years.CONCLUSIONObtaining a security clearance is not difficult, but may take time. The clearance however is often a gateway to a well-paying job.Nonetheless, you should remember that honesty in the process is key. Do not lie about anything asked about.In case you find it challenging and need help clarifying on anything, especially at the SF-86 form stage, it is advisable to consult an attorney.He can also advise on any information you feel you wouldn’t want to reveal. This will help you explain things in case it comes up later as an omission.

Strain Theory Essay - 1657 Words

Strain Theory Bigger Thomas, a young African American male, Twenty years old; vicious, vile and mean; he hates himself and all human society, especially that part of society which he attributes to making him a monster. Bigger Thomas is in rebellion on what he views as the white caste system; his crime is targeted at white society and the people that he views as being his oppressors. Bigger has the choice of taking on three roles, he can take on the role passivity designed for him by the southern whites and resolve his personal conflicts through the emotional catharsis of religion; or he can strive for and establish his own middle class society and thereby consciously or unconsciously become the white mans accomplice in oppression;†¦show more content†¦He also thought that in order for him to become noticeable in society he would have to become someone with no limits, almost godlike. The only way for him to enact this image was to have control over his life and the life of others, and t hats what induced him into a life of crime and murder. He was inevitably going to become a criminal, he was young, poor, and felt trapped in a society that was not concerned with his best interests. A man with nothing to lose or so it seemed, was ready to go out into the streets of Chicago and claim the lives of those who interfered with his existence as a decent human being. Crimes of hate, crimes of passion, crimes of economic gain, crimes of retribution, crimes of reciprocity, or just crimes of notoriety, were the positions that Bigger Thomas were left to define. He sought to fulfill the dreamlike fantasy of being on top of the economic ladder, and overcoming the status that his fate had entailed. The American dream, crazily sought after, rarely achieved, is what some theorist may say. People of the lower class or should I say of all socioeconomic classes have this preconceived notion that the American Dream is attainable if you just work hard and believe in the system. Howe ver, the strain and anomie theories prove otherwise. People of all different background share this eager desire to obtain the status of the economically elite, but for some it is consideredShow MoreRelatedThe Structural Strain Theory Has Occurred1040 Words   |  5 Pagesmeans, the structural strain theory has occurred. A mismatch that occurs between legitimate means and socially-promoted goals has a typology of responses in the strain theory. Merton’s typology extends the functionalist perspective. He believed that larger deviancy rates were because of social conditions and the varying responses. One of the responses to social strain that accepts legitimate means of pursuing socially-promoted goals is conformity. Another response to social strain is ritualism. PeopleRead MoreCrime Theories: Strain Theory, Social Bond Theory, and Differential-Association Theory957 Words   |  4 Pageseven why something is. In the case of criminology the main question being asked is †Å"why does crime occur?†, but some theories also attempt to answer another equally interesting question â€Å"if being a criminal is the easy choice, why are so many people law abiding?† in order to understand criminal behavior. In order for a hypothesis to be moved forward into the category of a theory it must first be tested, and those tests must be able to be reconfirmed. In the case of criminology most of this testingRead MoreStrain Theory878 Words   |  4 PagesStrain Theory I have chosen to write about Robert Merton’s Strain Theory. I find this theory particularly interesting, especially as it relates to crime and even education. As noted in our book Sociology in Our Times: The Essentials, the definition of strain theory is that people feel strain when they are exposed to cultural goals that they are unable to obtain because they do not have access to culturally approved means of achieving those goals (Kendall 164). For example, if your goal is obtainingRead MoreStrain Theory Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Agnew is known for his general strain theory. The theory explains that the basis of people getting involved in criminal activity is because of strain. If someone becomes upset, frustrated, depressed, or mistreated they will turn to crime in order to deal with the feelings. Yet, not all people turn to crime in order to deal with strain or stressors. There are different ways to measure strain. Subjective strains are those strains that are disliked by particular person or group. This approachedRead MoreThe Theory And General Strain Theory1262 Words   |  6 PagesA theory is described, as an idea or set of ideas generally intended to explain, to prove facts or events. Theory can be an idea that is suggested or presented as possibly true, that is not an ideas that relates to a particular subject (Merriam-Webster, 2015). Theory is an explanation of something. Theories in criminal behavior explains why an individual commits criminal and delinquent acts. This paper will compare and contrast two theories of crime or criminal activities that was discuss in thisRead MoreStrain Theory Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesThe book â€Å"Crime and the American Dream† is an example of the Strain Theory. Social class and living conditions are some of the factors that increases the vulnerability of a certain group to commit crimes. People are eager to be part of the ideology of the dream that the United States has to offer. The United States promise people that if they form part of the American society they will be successful and have the opportunities that they did not have in their home country. Most people believe thatRead MoreWhat is Strain Theory?1306 Words   |  5 PagesStrain theory is a criminological theory positing that a gap between culturally approved goals and legitimate means of achieving them cause’s frustration that leads to criminal behavior. Strain (structural strain) refers generally to the processes by which inadequate regulation at the societal level filters down to how individual perceives his or her needs. Strain (individual strain) refers to the frictions and pains experienced by the individuals as they look for ways to meet their needs (the motivationalRead MoreLabeling Theory And Strain Theory3368 Words   |  14 Pages Michael Byrnes Cindy Moore Theories of Criminal Behavior 11/16/14 Labeling Theory and Strain Theory: John Dillinger â€Æ' Introduction: Throughout history there have always been many different theories of crime and why people commit crimes. In the late 1930s a new theory rose to the forefront; this theory was called the anomie theory. Anomie means a lack of ethical standards. The anomie theory was proposed by Roberton Merton. It stated that society, as a whole, generally shares the same goals relatingRead MoreThe Theory Of General Strain Theory Essay1831 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction In the 1980’s, Criminologist, Robert Agnew, presented his theory of general strain, in which he covers a range of negative behaviors, especially how adolescents deal with stresses of strain. General strain theory focuses on the source, such as anything that changes in the individual’s life that causes strain. His theory provides a different outlook on social control and social learning theory for two reasons: the type of social relationship that leads to delinquency and the motivationRead MoreMerging Agnews General Strain Theory and Hirschis Social Bond Theory 1913 Words   |  8 PagesThe two theories I have decided to merge are Agnew’s General Strain Theory and Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory. I picked General Strain Theory because it does a good job at discussing some of the things that can trigger the release of a person’s negative emotions which in turn may lead to deviant behavior. I also decided to write about Social Bond Theory because it desc ribes some of the factors that keep people from committing crime. Both of the theories have strengths and weaknesses individually, but

Dracula - Symbolism of Blood - 1256 Words

In Bram Stoker s Dracula, the most blatant and powerful symbol is blood. He takes the blood that means so much to the believers of this legend and has it represent more than even they could imagine. Blood is the main object associated with vampires and vampirism. From a mythical standpoint, it is the basis of life for the vampires as they feed off of the blood of young, vibrant souls. From a more scientific standpoint blood is what would drip out of the corpse s mouth when family members would dig up their dead kin to check for the dreaded disease. Stoker takes the significance of this symbol and puts his own unique twist to the meaning of blood. He combines the traditional folklore of vampirism and the immense sexual undertones of the†¦show more content†¦Seward s obvious enjoyment of the situation is again seen when Van Helsing tells him that the operation is complete. Already? I remonstrated. ‘You took a great deal more from Art. It wasn t until after the operation that Seward began to feel the affects Ââ€" eerily similar to ones feeling after having an affair. The blood that Seward gave to Lucy was not only blood, but some of the passion and love that he has for her. Van Helsing is aware of this when he tells John that Â…nothing must be said of this. If our young lover should show upÂ…no word to him. It wouldÂ…frighten him and enjealous himÂ… Again, it is shown that the transfusion is more than just a transfusion. Why should Arthur Holmwood be jealous if Seward potentially saved his fiancà ©s life by giving her blood? Stoker is conveying that the blood is not only a physical object, but also a tremendous emotional object. The most vibrantly illustrated scene in the novel and a tremendous example of Stoker s symbolism is the infamous vampire baptism of Mina Harker. This scene is the essence of Stoker s attempt to emotionally confuse and discomfort the reader. As the scene begins Stoker paints a picture of the Count pressing Mina s face to his bare, bleeding chest. As the scene continues it becomes even more erotic and sexual and even more disturbing. With his left had he held both Mrs. Harker s hands, keeping them away with her arms at full tension; his right hand gripped her by the back ofShow MoreRelatedThe Good Will Always Prevail1077 Words   |  5 Pagesmodern-day vampires, the stereotypical Twilight and True Blood characters come into mind, but in realization this vampire fad came from a man who ruled Transylvania named Vlad Dracul, as known as Dracula. Bram Stoker wrote the novel, Dracula, with a gothic-style writing and a combined sense of romanticism. Dracula, by Bram Stoker, should be a chos en reading for this course because, Stoker refrains to many points such as: the good versus evil, symbolism through Christianity, and allegories to addiction.Read MoreDracula Extension Speech1098 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the ability to change physical form to a blood-thirsty nature society has always been morbidly fascinated with the concept of Dracula. It has not only seduced literature such as Bram Stoker’s Dracula but also infected mainstream music and film industries. Many composers have expanded and appropriated much of the vampire genre such as Francis Ford Coppola’s Dracula and Slayer’s Bloodline. The ideas surrounding vampires has been of good versus evil, the nature of religion and immortality. It isRead MoreSexuality In Bram Stokers Dracula1082 Words   |  5 PagesSexuality in Bram Stoker s DraculaBram Stoker s Dracula, favorably received by critics upon publication in 1897, entertained its Victorian audience with unspeakable horrors such as vampir es invading bedrooms to prey on beautiful maidens under the guise of night. The novel s eroticism proved even more unspeakable. Received in the era of repression, it remains questionable whether Dracula s readership perceived the sexuality flowing from the page. An advocate for the censorship of sexual materialRead MoreAnalysis Of Bram Stoker s Dracula1448 Words   |  6 PagesDracula is a widely known novel written by Bram Stoker in 1897. It is popular worldwide for its intense love story and backstory of the infamous Count Dracula. Stoker was born in Dublin, Ireland in 1847. As a child, he was very ill, so in an attempt to entertain himself, he read several books and listened to the horror stories his mother told him. In turn, Stoker became interested in ghost stories and began writing them. Gothic fiction was a genre that was extremely popular during this time periodRead MoreEssay about In Technologies of Monstrosity1430 Words   |  6 Pages Dracula: The Metaphor for Late Victorian-Crisis Jarae Comstock Reinhardt University This paper was prepared for IDS 306 for Dr. Little Dracula: The Metaphor for Late Victorian-Crisis Bram Stokers, Dracula, from the late-Victorian era, is one of the best stories of vampire folklore. Dracula was tall, dark, handsome, and mysterious with immense sexual character. His snow white teeth which outlined his rosy red lips made us fantasize of him and ultimately become obsessed. The overwhelmingRead MoreThe Sexuality Of The Victorian Century927 Words   |  4 Pagescare for the family and fulfill their husband’s needs. It became quite common that women came to also have anxiety over their sexuality. This is clearly seen in Dracula through Lucy’s diary entries. Despite her ultimate transformation into a sensual character, she begins as a woman hiding her sexual cravings. In his gothic novel, Dracula, Bram Stoker uses the title character to expose the repressed sexuality of the other characters, especially the females, criticizing the beliefs of the VictorianRead MorePollution And Redemption In Dracula, By Anne Mcwhir1272 Words   |  6 PagesPollution and Re demption in Dracula, written by Anne McWhir, a Professor Emerita at the University of Calgary, analyzes the complex relationships between characters of Bram Stoker’s, Dracula. McWhir acknowledges seemingly opposing themes within Dracula, â€Å"Dracula is remarkable for its blurring and confusion of categories. Modem and primitive, civilized and savage, science and myth are confused; so too are other categories-good and evil, clean and unclean, life and death† (31). She explains the purposeRead MoreThe Symbolism Of Death In Bram Stokers Dracula1716 Words   |  7 Pagesend of the life of a person. However, what if a characters death in literature or movies has a significant meaning. Thus, the death of a character is not truly the end of the persons life, but rather the reformation of wrongful acts. The story, Dracula, takes place during the Victorian era, where they believe that women have to be modest. Furthermore, the Victorians believe that they were progressing mor ally, intellectually, and materially through social and political reforms. Furthermore, theyRead MoreThe Use Of Gothic Elements In Dracula By Bram Stoker1698 Words   |  7 PagesVampires: How They Were Made Most people wonder where the idea of vampires came from and how did the first one come about. The novel, Dracula, is set and written in the nineteenth century during the Victorian era. The Victorian people had certain beliefs about Christianity and the roles of men and women in society. Women were allowed only to do certain things and were expected to do specific things in regards to men. The Victorian people also had their own interpretation of superstitions. StokerRead MoreDracula the Stereotypical Homosexual1169 Words   |  5 PagesIn Bram Stokers Dracula, the Count Dracula represents a homosexual figure, which in Victorian times was seen as an inversion of the â€Å"typical† male figure. Diana Kindron states the Victorian idea of a homosexual was one of a male body being fused with a female soul. This is just what Count Dracula represents in Bram Stoker’s novel, Dracula. By Amanda Podonsky, â€Å"The Count seems to be an exaggerated representation of the concept concerning ‘evils’ of abnormality and how it can spread and infect.† This

A Research Study On The Lgbt Homeless Youth Essay

These costs and effects are in are in another research project. Markus Bidell, Professor of Education at CUNY, research stress levels in the LGBT Homeless Youth. â€Å"Is There an Emotional Cost of Completing High School? Ecological Factors and Psychological Distress Among LGBT Homeless Youth,† was a conducted study of LGBT homeless youth experiences in during high school (Bidell 366). Bidell reported that 40 percent did not compete high school, and most did not search for support from GSAs and school staff (Ibid). His concluding finding found that sexual minorities stress comes from harassment in their community, while at school has little effect (Ibid). While school life has become less hard on the mental health of LGBT youth, the community (house and street life) forces them to be challenged by more factors. The first three sets of theory incorporated the levels, shifting levels of identities shaped by outside agencies for LGBT youth. Another social factor that impending o n young sexual minorities are the threats of poverty. These threats cause LGBT youth to experience vulnerability and detriment to their identities. Corliss et al. research validates that statement. In their article, â€Å"High Burden of Homelessness Among Sexual-Minority Adolescents: Findings From a Representative, Massachusetts High School, Sample,† they review the prevalence of homelessness in LGBT and heterosexual adolescents (Corliss et al. 1683). Their findings include: 40% LGBT student in the MassachusettsShow MoreRelatedThe Social Center For Lgbt Youth931 Words   |  4 Pages The research question that facilitated our asset map was simply â€Å"What social outlets are available for LGBT youth in the greater Los Angeles area?†. We chose this question because the majority of the young people receiving services at our site are homeless, and as everyone knows, homelessness is a condition that can quickly lead to despair. We firmly believed that locating LGBT-themed social gatherings, groups, and organizations would be an essential step in pointing these youths towards systemsRead MoreThe Psychological Symptoms And Disparities Of Gay Youth And How They Outstandingly Differentiate From Their Homeless Heterosexual Counterparts1154 Words   |  5 Pages1. Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E.W. Hunter, J. J Youth Adolescence (2012). Authors Rosario, Schrimshaw, and Hunter in this article, documents the very high rates of homelessness among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. However, this study is primarily focuses on the psychological symptoms and disparities of gay youth and how they outstandingly differentiate from their homeless heterosexual counterparts. After further investigation they had begun to examine potential mediators between the two such asRead MoreHomelessness Is An Epidemic That Plagues Many People Across The United States1142 Words   |  5 Pagesbisexual, or transgender, living homeless can become especially difficult. Young people of the LGBT community are being put out of their homes, rejected by their families, and shunned by their communities in which they live because of their sexual orientation, something that they themselves have no choice over. This is because of prejudices that are put out by the community as a whole. It is difficult enough growing up as part of a minority group such as the LGBT group, but add homelessness intoRead MoreThe Problem Of Homeless Youth1372 Words   |  6 PagesLGBT homeless people have been suffering for a substantial amount of time, and it seems as if not many people are aware of this issue. When people think about homeless people they usually do not think about their sexual orientation. But, little do people know that there are many homeless youths that are either lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. Yes, many reasons play into why a youth could be without a roof over his or her head and the sad part of this issue is that one of many reasons. ParentsRead MoreYouth Among The Homeless Essay1118 Words   |  5 Pagesignore the issue, it will always be there. However, the youth population is on the rise among the homeless. While the exact number of youth among the homeless is hard to determine, given various information about homelessness available and the age ran ge that is considered youth, a 2012 survey from the Department of Education shows that 52,950 unaccompanied homeless youth were reported through school-based programs (Sparks 31). Homelessness among youth can be overcome or at least reduced, by reducing familyRead MoreLgbt, Lesbian, Bisexual, And Queer Identified ( Lgbtq ) Runaway And Homeless Youth1416 Words   |  6 Pagestransgender, and queer identified (LGBTQ) runaway and homeless youth are of the most vulnerable groups in this country. Homelessness, particularly among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender, queer youth is an enduring example of a social problem in our society. The LGBTQ youth faces an increasing number of challenges. In disclosing their sexual orientation family conflict arises and plays a huge role in the issue of homelessness among the LGBTQ youth. They face forms of stigma and marginalization thatRead MoreShould Art Therapy Be Effective?1514 Words   |  7 Pagesthe six weeks is up, this group will be m onitored for 52 weeks to see if their criminal activity decreased and if so how much. The results from both groups will be compared to exact the hypothesis. 2) Ethics Informed Consent: a) To ensure my research is conducted in an ethical manner, I will let the participants know that I am a researcher trying to determine if being involved in an art therapy program will help people labeled as serious violent and chronic juvenile offenders, recidivate lessRead MoreThe Issue Of Transsexual Homelessness And Health1454 Words   |  6 Pagestowards transsexual individuals to the extent of rendering them homeless. The analysis in this paper is aligned to the issue of homeless among the transsexual persons by investigating the entire spectrum of the issue. In a general analysis the paper will highlight the extraordinary conditions that lead to transsexual individuals experiencing homelessness besides the same reasons that the other ‘normal’ individuals are rendered homeless- the inability to afford housing, addiction and mental health problemsRead MoreCultural Diversity : Critical Issues Amongst The Lgbt Community2538 Words   |  11 Pages Cultural Diversity: Critical Issues amongst the LGBT community Janice T Le University of Texas Amongst the many issues faced in the LGBT community, three critical concerns include oppression and discrimination, homelessness in youths and martial rights. Homosexuality continues to hold immense stigma in society due to the threat of conventional masculine ideology, negative beliefs rooted in cultural institutions, and religious fundamentalism, which do not condone homosexualityRead More The Rise in Youth Homelessness in Canada Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesToday in Canada, a rise in youth homelessness is being observed across the country. Despite common assumptions, the issue of street youth is not isolated to Toronto or Montreal, but has become pervasive across the country. Although accurate statistics are impossible to come by, the disturbing reality is that both urban centers and rural communities nationwide, are struggling to provide their youth with adequate, affordable housing. Issues surrounding the supply and affordability of housing, combined

Readability of Financial Reports and IFRS

Question: Discuss about the Readability of Financial Reports and IFRS. Answer: Introduction: As stated in the conceptual framework under chapter 3 of the QC 12 of AASB, the financial statements of any organization shows the progress of the organization during the particular period in economic and financial terms. There are various users for the financial statement and the data must be presented in faithful and relevant way so that it can fulfil the purpose of the users. The accountant must take all the necessary steps to assure that the reports are free from error and prepared in a neutral way as well as complete in all aspects. The term faithful representation explains that the accountant has not prepared its report based on any influence of the users and prepared with the best knowledge of the accountant. As the financial report plays an important role in decision making aspect of all the users, the information must be accurate and free from any manipulation (Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) - Home, 2017). The accountants main objective while preparing the financial statements are to make the statements free from any influence and representing it in a faithful manner. Other objectives of the faithful representation are: Following the standard the preparer of the financial statement must prepare the reports through taking care of preventing it from error, influence, inaccuracy and unethical means. Further, he must follow the standards and guidance provided by the AASB (Baker Haslem, 2015). Undue influence the reports must not be prepared with the view of any person who is interested in the financial performance of the organization. For example, if any organization is planning to borrow finance, its better profitability will surely play an important role in getting the loan, therefore, the financial statement must not be manipulated to raise loan from the borrower (Burc?, Mate? Pu?ca?, 2015). The term neutrality to be maintained while preparing the financial statement is solely dependent on the view, characteristics, determination and will power of the accountant. It is a fact that, maintaining neutrality is not possible in all the cases like different accountant may uses the same aspect from different aspect. It will not be possible to match their aspect and outcome and the users are most likely to raise questions regarding the profits and losses which are tough to be answered by the accountants. . However, the accountant must take all the required consideration to prepare the statement that is reliable, neutral, faithful and presented with the best possible knowledge of the preparer. He must take care while making the important projections like estimation of depreciation, bad-debts, interest rate and profit. Generally, it will be a good practice to show the losses at the highest projected value and profits at the lowest projected value (Cheung, 2014). Historical cost approach record the assets at its original or actual cost at which the assets were acquired. Through the historical approach the assessor can make the difference in the cost of the asset from the assets other costs like replacement cost, fair value or market value. Historical cost is used to state the asset in its purchasing cost in addition to the cost expensed for preparing the asset for the intended use. Weaknesses of historical cost: Various weaknesses that are to be faced while valuing the asset on historical cost method are: Ignore the changes the primary objective for publication of financial reports is to show the current position of the company at the true value. However, the historical approach ignores the changes in the value of the asset due to impairment, depreciation and changes in the market value. Therefore, it does not reveal the true cost of the organization. Unrealistic profit reports prepared on this basis does not reveal the true position of the organization in respect to earnings and expenses. Under this, the earnings are measured on current value whereas the expenses are measured at historical value. Mix up the holding and operating profit the profit or loss arising from the inventory holding is confused with the operating profit or losses. However, the profit or loss arising from operation must be separated from the loss or profit arises from inventory holding. Although the historical approach have some obligations, it has its own advantages too, these are: Consistency under this method, the cost of the asset can be asset can be measured consistently base on the original cost recorded at the purchasing time. Easier and simple assessment of cost under this method is easy and simple as the cost can be accesses from the purchase voucher and transaction. Moreover, the assessor does not have to keep an eye over the continuous changes in the market value of the asset. Manipulation as the cost can be analysed very easily from the purchase voucher, the chances of manipulating the cost is approximately zero and the value can be measured more reliably (Mazhambe, 2014). Alternatives to historical cost approach: Current cost method under this method, the value of the asset are adjusted with the changes in the market value of the asset. Financial statements prepared on this basis takes into consideration the changes in the value of the asset and reveal the true value of the organization. Cost basis approach Under this, the earnings and expenses are accounted only after they are received or the payment made. This method is common for the small businesses and reporting for the income tax (Tan?Kantor, Abbott Jubb, 2017). Objectives of financial reporting: As per the conceptual framework of AASB, the main objective of the general purpose financial reporting is to offer reliable information to the users for decision making. It shows the performance and changes in financial positions of any organization over the particular period and assist the investors, lenders, creditors and potential investors to make their decisions. While preparing the statements, the accountant must not take into consideration the influence of any external as well as internal users and assure that on the financial statements, they do not have any kind of association. The financial statements are used by the following users for making decisions in various aspects. Present and potential investors the investors are the part of the organization and they have a right on the profits of the organization. They analyse the financial reports to assess the risk and return factor so that they can make decisions regarding their investment in the company Lenders lenders like financial institutions or banks or purchaser of debt securities expect return in form of interest on their lending. Thus, they use the financial statement to evaluate and project the future cash flows of the company and the risks involved with the cash flows (Barbier Burgess, 2017). Creditors based on the financial reports the creditors decide on the credit terms that may be offered to the entity. They also assess the credit worthiness and financial viability of the entity for granting the credit period. In addition to the above users, the financial reports are also used by the industrial competitors, governments, employees of the company and general public. They use the reports for comparing the entitys performance with the competitors, calculation of tax, accurateness and reliability of the financial statement (Kigozi et al., 2014). In few organizations, the activities like buying or selling are measured based on the historical value while others value their activities based o the current market value and hold the value till the sell or purchase of the asset. Thus the entity does not record the transaction immediately and records only after the transaction takes place. The main disadvantage for the historical cost arises when it is compared with the the fair value method. In few instances, it shows very clearly that the historical approach is not reliable and to reveal the value of the asset, any other method like fair value method is suitable. Generally this is required when the fair value method shows the cost in more reliable and relevant way (Ellul et al., 2014). Though there are various arguments regarding which method is suitable among the two, it is completely depend upon the circumstances and requirement. Under GAAP the historical approach is considered whereas practically, the valuation under cost or market value whichever is lower is adopted (Greenberg et al., 2013). Reference: Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) - Home. (2017). Aasb.gov.au. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.aasb.gov.au/ Baker, H. K., Haslem, J. A. (2015). Information needs of individual investors. Barbier, E. B., Burgess, J. C. (2017). Depletion of the global carbon budget: a user cost approach.Environment and Development Economics, 1-16. Burc?, V., Mate?, D., Pu?ca?, A. (2015). Standard-Setters versus Big4 Opinion, Concerning IASB Revision Project of the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting.Studia Universitatis Vasile Goldi?, Arad-Seria ?tiin?e Economice,25(2), 81-107. Cheung, E. W. Y. (2014). Readability of Financial Reports and IFRS Adoption in Australia. Ellul, A., Jotikasthira, P., Lundblad, C., Wang, Y. (2014). Is historical cost accounting a panacea.Market stress, incentive distortions and gains trading.(May 8, 2014). Greenberg, M. D., Helland, E., Clancy, N., Dertouzos, J. N. (2013).Fair Value Accounting, Historical Cost Accounting, and Systemic Risk. Rand Corporation. Kigozi, J., Jowett, S., Lewis, M., Barton, P., Coast, J. (2016). Estimating productivity costs using the friction cost approach in practice: a systematic review.The European Journal of Health Economics,17(1), 31-44. Mazhambe, Z. (2014). Review of International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) Proposed New Conceptual Framework: Discussion Paper (DP/2013/1).Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing,10(8). Tan?Kantor, A., Abbott, M., Jubb, C. (2017). Accounting Choice and Theory in Crisis: The Case of the Victorian Desalination Plant.Australian Accounting Review.

Quizz on Chapter 1 International Management 10 E Essay Example

Quizz on Chapter 1 International Management 10 E Essay CHAPTER 1 QUIZ 1. The term globalism or globalization generally refers to _____. a. increasing loyalty to your own country b. global competition characterized by networks that bind countries, institutions, and people. c. competition in an increasingly borderless world d. b and c only 2. The hostility to the takeover of Europe’s largest steel company, Acelor, by India’s Mittal Steel illustrates a. the decrease in nationalism and increase in globalism. b. the backlash against globalism. c. the decline in competitiveness in the steel industry. d. ultural differences about the benefits of takeovers. 3. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) a. are generally not competing internationally. b. are major investors in world markets. c. face good opportunities currently as a result of trade shows, export initiatives, and the Internet. d. are unaffected by globalism 4. The three major world currencies today are _____. a. euro, yen, U. S. b. euro, yen, peso c. euro, U. S. dollar , German mark d. euro, U. S. dollar, peso 5. The European Union currently consists of how many nations? a. Ten b. Twenty-seven c. Forty d. Fifty 6. Which of the following countries is not one of the Four Tigers? a. South Korea b. Hong Kong c. Taiwan d. Thailand 7. China has enjoyed recent success as an export powerhouse built upon its _____. a. strengths of low costs and flow of capital b. geographic location in the world c. high educational standards d. close ties with Japan 8. Which of the following statements is not correct about China? a. China joined the WTO in 2002 b. One of China’s key strengths is its excellent infrastructure c. China is stuck halfway between a command economy and a market economy d. We will write a custom essay sample on Quizz on Chapter 1 International Management 10 E specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Quizz on Chapter 1 International Management 10 E specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Quizz on Chapter 1 International Management 10 E specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer China continues to enjoy significant inflows of money from ethnic Chinese outside of China 9. Which of the following statements is correct about India? a. India’s biggest contributor to growth is its excellent infrastructure. b. India is the world’s leader for outsourced back-office services, and increasingly for high tech services c. India is the fastest-growing free-market democracy d. b and c only are correct 10. India’s economic boom is a result of a. reducing protectionism and red tape b. lifting restrictions on foreign investment c. reforming its financial sectors d. ll of the above 11. Which of the following is not correct? a. Foreign investors have become wary of Russia because of recent government action against the Yukos oil group. b. Africa has been ignored by most of the world’s investors c. Because of the political and economic risks in LDCs, they offer no potential international business opportunities d. South Africa has the biggest economy i n Africa. 12. The U. S is offshoring white-collar computer programming jobs to India because _____. a. Indians are better programmers than Americans b. Indians speak better English than Americans . Indian programmers cost one-fourth the cost of equivalent American programmers d. all of the above 13. Political risks are any governmental actions or politically motivated events that adversely affect the _____. a. capacity of the company to survive long-run profitability or value of the company b. personal safety of corporate managers and employees c. company’s capacity to meet consumer needs 14. _____ occurs when the local government seizes the foreign-owned assets of the MNC and provides inadequate compensation. a. Nationalization b. Expropriation c. Confiscation d. Repatriation 15. Suppose the government of Karakozia seizes all assets of Pepsi in Karakozia without offering any compensation to the company. This action on the part of the government is an example of _____. a. nationalization b. repatriation c. expropriation d. confiscation 16. Zagreb Inc. , negotiates a multi-million dollar contract with the government to provide electricity to country A. The government is voted out of power shortly after and the new government changes the contract for all oil producing companies. This is an example of _____. a. barriers to repatriation . expropriation c. confiscation d. micro political risk 17. Micro political risk events are those that affect _____. a. numerous industries or companies b. several other nations in the same region c. one industry or company or a few companies d. managers and employees who are nationals 18. Which of the following is not one of the seven typical political risk events common today? a. loss of technology or intellectua l property rights b. political takeovers and civil wars c. discriminatory treatment in the application of laws d. interference in managerial decision making 19. Expropriation of corporate assets without prompt and adequate compensation is an example of _____. a. economic risk b. political risk c. legal risk d. cultural risk 20. Risk assessment by multinational corporations usually takes two forms: _____ and _____. a. use of experts or consultants; newspaper reports b. use of experts or consultants; internal staff c. use of internal staff; publications d. government risk reports; computer modeling 21. Which of the following is a form of hedging? a. staged contribution strategies b. development assistance c. local debt financing d. ocalization of the operation 22. Representatives of a MNC seek an interview with local government leaders in the Department of Commerce in India with a view to assess the types of policies likely to be implemented. According to Mathis, this is an example of ______. a. qualitative approach b. quantitative approach c. checklist approach d. a combination of all of the above 23. The host country’s legal system is derived from ______. a. common law b. civil law c. Islamic law d. all of the above 24. Tariffs and quotas are examples of what types of policies? a. protectionist b. conomic development c. free market d. political development 25. Some countries rigorously enforce employee secrecy agreements in order to _____. a. protect a firm’s intellectual property b. restrict labor mobility c. avoid costly litigation among firms d. all of the above 26. About 70 countries, predominantly in Europe, are ruled by ______ law, as is Japan. a. common b. Islamic c. civil d. custom 27. Political risk insurance is a form of _____. a. input control b. development assistance c. equity sharing d. hedging 28. When a MNC keeps certain key subsidiary management positions in the hands f expatriate or home-office managers, it is exercising ______. a. input control b. market control c. position control d. bureaucratic control 29. Companies often reduce risk in foreign countries by creating dependency of a subsidiary on the host country. Which of the following is not a means of maintaining dependency? a. market control b. equity sharing c. staged contri bution strategies d. input control 30. Which of the following risk management strategies is not a means of adaptation? a. participative management b. development assistance c. funds sharing d. localization of the operatio

How does the viscosity of a liquid affect the flow of a sphere through it Essays

How does the viscosity of a liquid affect the flow of a sphere through it Essays How does the viscosity of a liquid affect the flow of a sphere through it Essay How does the viscosity of a liquid affect the flow of a sphere through it Essay The resistance offered by a liquid/fluid (gases and liquids) on a moving object inside it is called viscosity. The flow of liquid occurs as the movement of layers at different speeds which in turn lead to a gradient of speeds and friction among them respectively.Stokes LawThe viscous force offered by a fluid on a ball is directly proportional to the radius of the ball and its speed at a given instant.F is proportional to rF is proportional to vF is proportional to rvK=6= coefficient of viscosityF= 6 ? ? r vF=Frictional Force?= coefficient of viscosityR=Radius of the SphereV=Velocity of the Sphere? =F/6?rv = N/mms-1 =Nm-2s =Pa sI believe that the density of the liquid will be directly proportional to the time taken for the sphere to drop.Viscosity of various fluidsFluidViscosity (Pa s)Hydrogen8.410-6Air17.410-6Xenon2.1210-5(Room temperature)Blood3x10-3Castor oil0.985Glycerol1.5Mercury1.510-3Water8.9410-4Up thrust (U)When an object is fully or partially immersed in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the object upwards.Archimedes PrincipleThe up thrust acting on an object that is partially or fully immersed in a fluid, is equal to the weight of the displaced liquid.Up thrust= the upward force on the object.According to Archimedes Principle,Up thrust= Weight of the displaced liquid.= Mass of the displaced liquid x g= Volume of the displaced liquid x density of liquid x gU= v p gU= Up thrustV= VolumeP=DensityG=Gravity on kgm3-1The motion of a sphere inside a viscous liquidWhen a sphere is moving inside a liquid, three forces are acting on it:Weight downwards,Up thrust and Viscous Force upwards.Since F= 6 ? ? r v, the viscous force is increasing with the speed.Since F is increasing, at some point the sum of U and F is going to be equal to W.At this point the resultant force on the sphere is zero, therefore, according to F=MA, a=0, that means the sphere moves at constant speed. This is called the Terminal Velocity.When the sphere is moving at terminal velocity, W= U+F.?= 2r2 g (d-p)/9vtD=density of the sphereP=density of the liquidThe density of the sphere and pulp must be calculated separately using the formula:Density=Mass /VolumeTo find vt, the speed of the sphere must be measured during few intervals to make sure it has reached the terminal velocity.Then the experiment can be repeated to study the change in viscosity with the concentration of the pulp.AimTo find the time taken for a sphere to fall through several viscous liquids and liquids with different concentrations of viscosity.Diagram/EquipmentMethodI filled up the cylinder container with the viscous liquid, which is wallpaper paste (mixed together beforehand).I then placed the sphere on the surface of the liquid.When I let go of the sphere I started the timer.When the sphere reached the bottom, I stopped the timer.Using a ruler I measured the distance travelled.Using Distance / Time I got the speed of the sphere, and the terminal velocity at each 10cm interva l.I then repeated the experiment.PreliminaryIn my preliminary experiment, I tested out different sphere sizes and also the maximum and minimum concentrations of the viscous solutions, so I would know which quantities would be best to use.The diameter of the sphere I chose was 1.3cm, as it was small enough to travel at a constant rate through the liquid.The minimum concentration contained 8g of wallpaper paste in 600ml of water, as it was just viscous enough to take a reading. The maximum was 26g of paste, because after that the sphere doesnt move at all.Results = First ExperimentInterval (cm)Water (ml)Density (kgml-1)Time 1 (Sec)Time 2 (Sec)Time 3 (Sec)Average Time (Sec)1020Total5000.9744s104s146s44s105s145s45s102s146s145.6s1020Total5100.9518396618406717386666.3s1020Total5200.9413355812351.0014335858.6s1020Total5300.9361624717248162424.0s1020Total5400.914101551115491414.6s1020Total5500.9038133713481313.0s1020Total5600.8937103710461110.3s1020Total5700.882572583677.3s1020Total5800.872 462562445.3s1020Total5900.861241241233.7s17g PasteChanging Water from 500ml upwardsResults = Second ExperimentPaste (g)Density (kgml-1)Time 1 (Sec)Time 2 (Sec)Time 3 (Sec)Average Time (Sec)80.970.410.370.380.38100.960.370.340.430.38120.960.440.500.500.48140.950.630.680.650.65160.951.281.501.281.35180.944.185.416.535.37600ml WaterChanging Paste from 8g upwardsThe graph for the first experiment shows that as Density increases, so does time, though they are not directly proportional because they dont go up in equal amounts. There is also an anomaly, which could have been caused by human or systematic error.For the second experiment the graph is quite different. This shows that as Density increases, time actually decreases. So the two quantities are inversely related. There is a constant pattern at first, but then due to human and systematic error there are a few anomalies.Evaluation/ConclusionYou can see from the first graph that density and time are directly proportional, so as one go es up so does the other. This shows that the relationship between density and time is valid.For the second graph, the two quantities are inversely related. This is because for that one the liquid is getting more viscous, so slowing down the sphere.To improve the experiment I could take better precautions to reduce the errors, especially the human errors as they can be prevented more easily.I could have tried to find out my reaction time and eliminate that from the time to make it more accurate.Some of the limitations are that you cant use very big objects, because they wont fit through the cylinder, and also different shapes, because they have sides of different areas.

Questions for American Business History Questions Essay

Questions for American Business History Questions - Essay Example Each one of these steps required imagination and inventiveness. The application of the steam engine as a power source demanded that inventors create new machines that could utilize the improved power and speed of the mechanization. In essence, the world was changing from a set of manual tools over to a system that was powered. Harvesting wheat became a mechanized process of cutting, raking, reaping, and separating the wheat from the chafe. This required a number of machines, and they all required new inventions. The most important technological development that was introduced during the Industrial Revolution was the steam engine. The steam engine made the entire manufacturing process more compact, faster, and far more efficient than the use of manual labor. Within a few decades of the introduction of the steam engine, the textile industry was transformed from a cottage industry into a large-scale factory operation (Mathias, 2001, p.115). According to Stearns (1998), "the industrial revolution progressively replaced humans and animals as the power sources of production with motors" and "steadily increased the proportion of the process accomplished by equipment without direct human guidance" (p.5). The steam engine could be adapted to almost any other machine that had previously depended on human, animal, or water power.

Development and use of explosives over the past century Essay

Development and use of explosives over the past century - Essay Example The first record of the usage of it exists dates back to around early 1600s in China (Tanner, 2014). During this time, the black powder was usually used in Hungary for blasting purposes. Mostly the quarries used the black powder for mining purpose blasting. The next mention of the uses of black powder is found in the context of tin mine blasting in the countries such as England after which the black powder was adopted by the Switzerland for road construction (Kelly, 2004, pp.198). The first documented form of mention of the use of black powder was in the year 1605 when Guy Fawkes put barrels of explosives in the British Parliament to blow up the building and assassinate the then king of England, King James I. This incident was named the â€Å"Gunpowder Plot†. It was one of the earliest conspiracies to involve the use of explosives and the black powder. This conspiracy of assassinating the King was not successful as the person plotting it was apprehended beforehand and caught. Another mention of the black gunpowder is prominent in the history is during the year 1773 when the people who went on with the demolition gathered 150 pounds of black gunpowder to demolish the Holy Trinity Cathedral which was 700 years old and one of the most oldest church in Waterford, Ireland. Later a report was published in the then famous newspaper named The Irish Times that the entire church was reduced to rubble within minutes and this incident was accompanied with a deafen ing loud boom that shook the entire area. This incident is important in the history of explosives as it marks as the first successful attempt in which the explosives blew down an entire structure and caused mass collateral damage. America adopted the use of explosives for the demolition purposes almost as early as 1850s. It was during this time that San Francisco was torn by a continuous series of many great fires. The use of the explosives in this case was because the city council members wanted to

Long Term Global Warming Effects Environmental Sciences Essay

Long Term Global Warming Effects Environmental Sciences Essay Global warming is recognized to be the effect of increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases. In Australia, however, experts discover that land use/land cover change (LUCC) has potential impacts on the exacerbation of climate change consequences. To address this issue, the Australian government calls for the execution of several methods to prevent further deterioration of Australian ecosystem. Such steps are needed to reduce the harmful effects of long-term global warming in the Australian continent as represented by 15% clearing of the continents agriculture, hotter and drier El Nià ±o, more frequent occurrence of drought, large-scale deforestation, and reduction in the gross population of plants and animals, and danger on human health. The consequences of ignoring this effect could have a terrible impact in the nations environment, economic and communities not only in Australia but also around the world. The global climate has elevated the greenhouse gases such as dioxide and ozone, w hich has caused global temperatures to, accelerated over the last 50 years. For example, in some cases there has been a consequential vegetation change to increased woodiness. Because of the fragility of the Australian landscape and their variable climate this effect are important to the future state of Australias vegetation, soil and water resources. They decided to integrated more policies and regional natural resources strategies that will renovate their environmental issues. In addition, this will be beneficial to the vegetation and their regional climate as well as their atmosphere to fight the impact of global warming. However, they do not know to what extent such actions will have an effect. Global climate change agenda needs to admit that climate change is a multidimensional issue that affects every population, and that LUCC must be included in global and regional strategies to inform about climate change .The authors coordinated a research that will including the role of LUCC and its dynamic interaction with increased concentrations of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. This method will require the evaluation of the capacity of reforestation, the impact of climate change at a regional scale and vegetation. Reducing deforestation in the tropics and subtropics will be the first priority. They also argue that this process requires a strong and coordinated global effort through a combination of regulatory frameworks and constructed markets to stop deforestation and facilitate reforestation. This would have extra benefits for ecosystem services. They authors conclude that the positive feedbacks to climate from land clearing appear to emphasize the impacts of global climate cha nge by strengthen climatic extremes, such as recent droughts in eastern Australia. Critical Review This article provided detailed information regarding the long-term effects of global warming in the Australian continent. In particular, the article was able to identify specific causes of global warming aside from escalating atmospheric green houses gases escalation. Such events are discovered to be the result of compounded traditional land use efforts and modern land conversion practices. Furthermore, the enumeration of possible measures to address climate change in Australia marks the importance of this article in the ecological field. This article also recognizes that reducing the deforestation and improving our methods of vegetation requires strong effort to protect the planet in which we live. I agree with the authors because Global warming is happening due to the green house gases and deforestation. For example, they talk about policy implications and how we need to understand what is happening around us. I believe that by understanding and how and why the system is changing w e have better possibilities by reducing the greenhouse gases and restore the vegetation. Global warning is the most urgent environmental problem the world will face in the next decade due to climate changes and other activities caused by humans. I also believe that some natural resources and agricultural sector are vulnerable to climate changes and if we do not take, action this could represents a major risk to the planet. We need to preserve our environment by putting limits to the way in which we waste products and technology that we do not need. If we implement the large-scale restoration of ecosystems, we may have a potential factor in our favor to see regional climate change and provide other ecological services such as clean air and water. However, there is not currently affirmation that such actions will change temperatures and or increase the vegetation, which makes anyone wonder if we can prevent global warning from destroying the planet. Welker, J.M., Fahnestock, J.T., Sullivan, P.F., Chimmer, R.A. (2005). Leaf mineral nutrition of Arctic plants in response to warming and deeper snow in northern Alaska. Oikos, 109(1), 167-177. Summary Two of the most apparent consequences of global warming in northern Alaska are higher summer temperatures and deeper snow levels during the winter season. Alternatively, the quality of leaf mineral nutrition, as represented by Carbon and Nitrogen content, account for efficient photosynthesis, unhampered food chain, carbon budgets, soil organic matter decomposition, leaf litter, and better herbivore forage quality. In connection to this, the purpose of the article was to study and to investigate the effects of prolonged global warming effects on the leaf mineral nutrition content of tundra plants by subjecting several species of tundra plants to a long-term experiment characterized by altering summer and winter conditions. The results showed that extended global warming effects significantly affect the leaf Carbon, leaf Nitrogen and leaf Carbon: Nitrogen content of the plants. The plants were expose three different scenarios to see how each one responded to the climate conditions. The plant call dry tundra survive the clime conditions because of the moisture but the other plan call tussock tundra did not survive when it was expose to the snow. The experiment illustrated that some species of plants leaf mineral nutrition when they are expose to different scenarios. However, the tundra field experiments have focused mostly on measuring the extent to which changes in summer or winter conditions the plants will reproduce, shortening the growing or change the composition of the vegetation. In addition, scientists recognize that caring for the ecosystem is critical to the protection of the planet against global warming. In conclusion, the experiment show that dry and tussock tundra potentially enhance gas and produce carbon when they are exposed to typical weather. This study was designed to address two questions of microbial respiration and different areas without experimental snow and how the changes in vegetation affect us. Although they conducted a small study with limited statistical power, the findings indicate that exposing plants to snow has the potential to allow very old plant to be decomposed, accelerating the rate of CO2 increase in the atmosphere. Their results also complement recently reports by Schuur etal in 2009. In her study of tussock tundra near the Denali National Park, she finds that the plant increase due to increases in soil nutrient pools and the stimulation of plant growth. However, she says that the period in which the plant increases at the same time it losses respiration. Critical Review By analysis, it can be said that this article provided an experimental overview of the long-term effects of global warming on the leaf mineral nutrition content of Arctic plants. Although the settings used were manipulated, one cannot deny the significance of these findings on the future Arctic ecosystem with respect to climate change. Hotter summers and colder winters are already being experienced at present in most parts of the globe and the duration of these events are hard to quantify. Hence, the findings of this study emphasize the need to address the causes of global warming in order to minimize its effects in the future. I agree with the authors because those plants are essential to the global environment since they purify, and carry fresh water. In addition, most of the plants store carbon; absorb pollutants; and support many species of unique animals and other plants too. I think if humans put more effort, will be a decrease on the release of additional greenhouse gases and this will help communities, species and animals to survive or adapt to the global warming conditions. However, I also disagree with the authors, because they are conducting a global experiment by changing the course of Mother Nature. They propose to create a formula that could make the plants grow faster and survive any type of climate condition. I believe that could destroy the ozone layer, which will not allow life to exist on the Earths surface or altered the composition of the biosphere and the Earths heat balance. The studies show that those plants were expose to artificial conditions that were created in order for experiment to take place, but the measurements taken in Alaska that growth in trees has been stunt in recent years which mean that plants could go through the same process and consequence of a rapidly warming climate could appear faster. If the solution to global warming is to experiment more with nature then the solution will be the end. Valsson, T. (2006). How the world will change with global warming. Reykjavjk: University of Iceland Press. Summary This book contained 24 units distributed into three chapters that discuss the nature of global warming, patterns of effects, and the future of the entirety of the biosphere in response to the long-term consequences of global warming. Concerning the future effects of global warming, the author elaborated the outcomes of climate change on the biosphere, world economy, and the possibility of exploiting the Northern part of the globe as replacement of the withering habitats in the future. In particular, land and sea formations are likely to be highly affected by the fluctuating Earth temperature. Therefore, natural resources will be altered; some may be depleted, and majority will be converted. The author argues that global warning could be good for anyone who lives in the northern of the globe, which he claims, will become the new civilization. He also talks about the consequences of global warming and how the geographical locations could play an important role.He draw conclusions of wa rmer global climates in Iceland and the northern of the globe. Furthermore, the author approaches the problem of how global warming is melting the sea ice in the north, which will create routes that will include the passage north of Siberia and later through the Canadian Archipelago. He shows the positive and the negatives aspect of global warming but also how this may benefit someone of the population in areas where the temperature is below normal. For example, he talks about countries bordering being closer to each other and new routes that will allow ships to travel for less time. However, he emphasizes the importance of the agreements across countries in order to reduce greenhouse gas .He also encourage the view that even in negative consequences, we need to preserve a positive attitude towards the changes that are coming. On the other hand, he argues that the warming climate and melting ice will make oil and mineral resources in northern areas easily accessible for exploitation and will make the far north comfortable for human habitation, r eplacing the living spaces around the central areas of the globe that will become too hot for habitation. He talks about conducting an experiment for 3 years in which he will try to expand summer at the expense of winter. In other words, he means that plants usually start to come into flower just as the snow begins to melt and with that bloom sooner then the pollinators of those plants can get to them the faster it will make the plants product their photosynthesis. That would be damaging to both of the species that he will use during the experiment. He also says that the project will confirm that people should not waste any time when it comes to saving the planet from a environmental disaster. Critical Review Through the page of the book, the author was able to synthesize the long-term effects of global warming. In addition, the author was able to provide a concise discussion of the consequences of climate change on the preservation of natural resources. General alteration in the ecological profile and land outline will characterize mankinds future due to global warming. In general, this book is an effective reference on the elucidation of the profound effects of climate change not only in humans but also with respect to biosphere as a whole. I totally disagree with the authors point of view. I believe that his perspective on global warming is more negative than positive. He describes this problem as a normal issue that we as humans have to understand that it can be a positive outcome. I have a different point of view I strongly believe that Global warming is destroying our earth and as humans, we are responsible for what is happening in the world. Global warming is gasses that are trappe d in the atmosphere that are water vapors, carbon dioxide and methane gas which are the reason why many natural disaster are happening around the world lately. The author seems to believe that global warming is good for use because it could make countries closer and unify many continents that are far. He also believes that this could be a good thing for the people who live in the northern of the globe because when the ice melt the new civilization will be created. I find that statement ironic because if the ice melts there is a probability that many of the people who live in those areas will die or be hurt in some way due to the consequences of global warming. I believe that global warning is something negative for anyone, because at some point of another we all going to suffer the consequences of not taking care of the planet in which we live. I take the position that I do believe in global warming and I think it is not just scientists who should notice what is happening around the world.